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CEFR language levels explained

The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) was put together by the Council of Europe as a way of standardizing the levels of language exams all over the the world. It is very widely used internationally and all important exams are mapped to the CEFR.

There are six levels: A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, C2. These are described in the table below.

A1

‘Breakthrough’

You are at this BEGINNER level if you can…

  • Understand and use familiar expressions and very basic phrases aimed at meeting your everyday needs.
  • Introduce yourself to others and can ask and answer questions about personal details such as where you live, people you know and things you have.
  • Interact in a simple way if the other person talks slowly and clearly and is prepared to help.

A2

‘Waystage’

You are at this Elementary level if you can…

  • Understand sentences and frequently used expressions related to areas of most immediate relevance (for example, very basic personal and family information, shopping, local geography, employment).
  • Communicate in simple and routine tasks requiring a simple and direct exchange of information on familiar and routine matters.
  • Describe in simple terms aspects of your background, immediate environment and matters in areas of immediate need.

B1

‘Threshold’

You are at this Lower Intermediate level if you can…

  • Understand the main points of clear standard input on familiar matters regularly encountered in work, school, leisure, etc.
  • Deal with most situations likely to arise while travelling in an area where the language is spoken.
  • Produce simple connected text on topics which are familiar or of personal interest.
  • Describe experiences, events, dreams, hopes and ambitions, and briefly give reasons and explanations for opinions and plans.
  • Communicate with reasonable accuracy in familiar contexts.

B2

‘Vantage’

You are at this Upper Intermediate level if you can…

  • Understand the main ideas of complex text on both concrete and abstract topics, including technical discussions in your field of specialization.
  • Interact with a degree of fluency and spontaneity that makes regular interaction with native speakers quite possible without strain for either party.
  • Produce clear, detailed text on a wide range of subjects and explain a viewpoint on a topical issue giving the advantages and disadvantages of various options.
  • Use language fluently, accurately and effectively on a wide range of general, academic, vocational and leisure topics.

C1

‘Effective operational proficiency’

You are at this Advanced level if you can…

  • Understand a wide range of demanding, longer texts, and recognize implicit meaning.
  • Express yourself fluently and spontaneously without much obvious searching for expressions.
  • Use language flexibly and effectively for social, academic and professional purposes.
  • Produce clear, well-structured, detailed text on complex subjects, showing controlled use of organizational patterns, connectors and cohesive devices.
  • Express yourself fluently and spontaneously, almost effortlessly.

C2

‘Mastery’

You are at this Proficiency level if you can…

  • Understand with ease virtually everything heard or read
  • Summarize information from different spoken and written sources, reconstructing arguments and accounts in a coherent presentation
  • Express yourself spontaneously, very fluently and precisely, differentiating finer shades of meaning, even in the most complex situations

Reading

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Listening

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Writing

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Full test

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